Early Life Trauma as Predictor of Adverse Outcomes in Adult Functioning
List of Authors
Mirza Mahirah Zainal, Nurul Ain Mohamed Tahir1
Keyword
Early life trauma, adverse outcomes, social media, verbal abuse, physical abuse, resilience
Abstract
This study investigates early life trauma as a predictor of adverse outcomes in adult functioning, with specific attention to the moderating influence of social media. Using survey data from 102 participants, the research examines relationships between multiple trauma indicators such as verbal abuse, physical abuse, and neglect, and adult outcomes including self-reflection, emotional regulation, and perceptions of digital platforms. Descriptive analyses, correlation tests, and regression models are used to assess both direct effects and interactive patterns. Results suggest that verbal trauma and physical trauma differentially predict adult outcomes, with distinct pathways influencing reflection and emotional impact. Furthermore, social media engagement emerges as a critical factor, shaping how adults interpret and respond to earlier adverse experiences. These findings underscore the complex role of social media as both a risk factor and a protective factor. Implications highlight the need for trauma-informed care, emphasizing clinical sensitivity to diverse forms of early adversity. Additionally, the study points to the importance of digital literacy interventions, equipping individuals with skills to navigate online environments in ways that reduce harm and foster healthier psychosocial adjustment.