Income inequality continues to pose a global concern, shaping patterns of social stability and long-term development. This study examines how economic and social dimensions have influenced Malaysia’s income distribution from 1990 to 2024 period. Using the ARDL framework, the research explores the dynamic interactions among inequality, economic growth, inflation, unemployment, and energy consumption. The results reveal significant linkages in both the short and long run. While economic expansion helps narrow inequality, rising energy consumption gradually deepens it. Addressing the energy burden on low-income households through inclusive and targeted policies is essential, so that, in time, the tide may turn toward a more sustainable and equitable Malaysia.