Factors Contributing to Low Achievement in Bahasa Melayu among Upper Primary Students at a Chinese Vernacular School
List of Authors
Nasrudin, E.A, Tan, Y.M., Vighnarajah, S.
Keyword
Bahasa Melayu, Low Achievement, Language Exposure, Chinese Vernacular School, Second Language Acquisition
Abstract
This study investigates the factors contributing to low achievement in Bahasa Melayu among Standard 4, 5, and 6 students at SJKC Moh Ghee Cawangan, Jelutong, Pulau Pinang. The persistent underperformance in the national language among students in Chinese vernacular schools has raised concerns due to the critical importance of Bahasa Melayu for academic progression and professional opportunities. Using a qualitative narrative research design, data were collected through interviews with 13 participants comprising two teachers, eight students, and three parents, complemented by document analysis of academic records. Thematic analysis revealed four key factors contributing to low achievement: limited home exposure to Bahasa Melayu, negative student attitudes toward learning, fear of making mistakes and lack of confidence, and traditional teaching methods. The study also examined three school intervention programs that showed positive but limited impact due to their infrequent implementation. These findings align with Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory, emphasizing the importance of social interaction and authentic communication opportunities in language acquisition. The study recommends more engaging teaching strategies, enhanced collaboration between parents and teachers, and sustained language support programs to create a more supportive environment for Bahasa Melayu learning in vernacular schools.