The relationship between man and nature in Ibn Khaldun’s muqaddimah
List of Authors
  • Ren, Huichan , Suhaila Abdullah

Keyword
  • Ibn Khaldun, The Muqaddimah, man, nature, civilisation

Abstract
  • Ibn Khaldun, one of the most prominent Muslim social scientists of the Middle Ages, is famed for his historical ideas and unique insights into the emergence and collapse of civilisations. This study aims to explore the relationship between man and nature in light of Ibn Khaldun’s greatest work, The Muqaddimah. A vast number of scholars have examined human civilisation from various perspectives as expounded in the Muqaddimah but works dedicated to the relationship between man and nature are still few. As a result, this article investigates Ibn Khaldun’s view of the relationship between man and nature through a qualitative content analysis of the Muqaddimah. Since Ibn Khaldun was a great Muslim thinker who had a deep effect on the Muslim world, his concept of the relationship between man and nature is readily accepted by Muslims and may play a constructive role in environmental conservation in the Muslim world. After reading and analysing the Muqaddimah, this article concluded that Ibn Khaldun’s examination of the link between man and nature can be found in every chapter. He thinks that the environment has a significant impact on individuals and human civilisation, as well as he advocates that man should respect nature and utilize it rationally to sustain civilisation’s healthy development.

Reference
  • 1. Abdullah, S. (2014). Ibn Khaldun’s discourse on the importance of knowledge and ethics in youth human capital development. Journal of Human Development and Communication, 3, 59-77.
    2. Abdullah, S. (2018). Ibn Khaldun’s theory of good governance in achieving civilisation excellence. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(9), 1321-1333. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v8-i9/4699
    3. Bakhtiyarovna, S. S. (2022). Harmony of “man-nature” relations in Islamic teaching. Emergent: Journal of Educational Discoveries and Lifelong Learning, 3(7), 1-7.
    4. Bordoloi, J. (2020). Representation of man and nature: An ecocritical reading of Anita Desai’s fire on the mountain. Literary Herald, 6(2), 32-38.
    5. Cadotte, M. W., Barlow, J., Nu~ Nez, M. A., Pettorelli, N., & Stephens, P. A. (2017). Solving environmental problems in the Anthropocene: The need to bring novel theoretical advances into the applied ecology fold. Journal of Applied Ecology, 54, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12855
    6. Chen, M. (2021). Analysis on the relationship coordination between wildlife protection and sustainability. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 554, 10-14.
    7. Dhungel, N. (2020). Man-nature relationship in L P Devkota’s poems: An ecological study. Literary Studies, 33, 61-70.
    8. Duchi, L., Lombardi, D., Paas, F., & Loyens, S. M. M. (2020). How a growth mindset can change the climate: The power of implicit beliefs in influencing people’s view and action. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 70, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2020.101461
    9. Hopwood, C. J., Donnellan, M. B., Blonigen, D. M., Krueger, R. F., McGue, M., Iacono, W. G., & Burt, S. A. (2011). Genetic and environmental influences on personality trait stability and growth during the transition to adulthood: A three-wave longitudinal study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100(3), 545–556. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022409
    10. Ibn Khaldun. (2015). The Muqaddimah – An introduction to history by Ibn Khaldun. N. J. Dawood (Ed.). Princeton University Press.
    11. Ibrarullah, H. M., & Inamullah, H. (2022). Islam and existentialism: An analysis of the philosophy regarding God, man, universe, existence and education. Review of Education, Administration & Law, 5(1), 63–72. https://doi.org/10.47067/real.v5i1.215
    12. Jablonski, N. G., & Chaplin, G. (2000). The evolution of human skin coloration. Journal of Human Evolution, 39(1), 57–106. https://doi.org/10.1006/jhev.2000.0403
    13. Karim, A. H. A. (2020). Ibn Khaldun and Confucius: A preliminary comparative analysis between asabiyyah and Wu Lun. Al-Shajarah: Journal of the International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilisation, 11(1), 1-16. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344311529
    14. Manna, U., & Roy Mondal, S. (2020). Critical study on relation between man and environment. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7, 3264-3266.
    15. Mazzoleni, M., Mard, J., Rusca, M., Odongo, V., Lindersson, S., & Di Baldassarre, G. (2021). Floodplains in the anthropocene: A global analysis of the interplay between human population, built environment, and flood severity. Water Resources Research, 57(2), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR027744
    16. Moore, J. W. (2017). The capitalocene, part I: on the nature and origins of our ecological crisis. Journal of Peasant Studies, 44(3), 594–630. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2016.1235036
    17. Patriarca, G. (2010). A medieval approach to social sciences: The philosophy of Ibn Khaldun some historical notes and actual reflections. Journal of Markets & Morality, 13(1), 175-188.
    18. Razak, R. R. AB & Sanusi, Z. A. (2010). The concept of sustainable development in human civilisation: An introspective view. Kemanusiaan, 17, 19–36.
    19. Sanchez-Roige, S., Gray, J. C., MacKillop, J., Chen, C. H., & Palmer, A. A. (2018). The genetics of human personality. Genes, Brain and Behavior, 17(3), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1111/gbb.12439
    20. Soliman, M., & Wilson, A. E. (2017). Seeing change and being change in the world: The relationship between lay theories about the world and environmental intentions. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 50, 104–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2017.01.008
    21. Stockton, R. J. (2020). Lessons from Ibn Khaldun’s Muqaddimah for today’s foreign language teacher. Arab World English Journal, 11(3), 117–126. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol11no3.7
    22. Tainio, M., Jovanovic, A., Z., Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J., Hu, L., de Nazelle, A., An, R., Garcia, L. M. T., Goenka, S., Zapata-Diomedi, B., Bull, F., & Sá, T. H. de. (2021). Air pollution, physical activity and health: A mapping review of the evidence. Environment International, 147, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105954
    23. Vanhove, M. P. M., Thys, S., Decaestecker, E., Antoine-Moussiaux, N., de Man, J., Hugé, J., Keune, H., Sterckx, A., & Janssens de Bisthoven, L. (2021). Global change increases zoonotic risk, COVID-19 changes risk perceptions: a plea for urban nature connectedness. Cities and Health, 5(1), 131–139. https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2020.1805282
    24. Vinokurova, U. A., Alekseeva, E. A., Alekseeva, A. D., Diakonova, A. P., Osipova, M. E. & Filippova, D. N. (2021). The partnership between man and earth. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 531, 352-356. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350295074
    25. Wang, H., & He, G. (2022). Rivers: linking nature, life, and civilisation. River, 1(1), 25–36. https://doi.org/10.1002/rvr2.7
    26. Wang, K., Davies, E. G. R., & Liu, J. (2019). Integrated water resources management and modeling: A case study of bow river Basin, Canada. Journal of Cleaner Production, 240, 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118242
    27. Wang, S., Zhang, M., Wu, S., Du, S., Qian, W., Chen, J., Qiao, L., Yang, Y., Tan, J., Biogéosciences, N. N., Tang, K., Ruiz-Linares, A., & Claes, P. (n.d.). (2021). Genetic mechanisms underlying East Asian and European facial differentiation. Research Square, 1-66. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-604881/v1
    28. Wawan, H. (2015). Ibn Khaldun thought: A review of Al-Muqaddimah book. Jurnal Ushuluddin, 23(2), 173-184.
    29. Wilke, F., Herrick, N., Matthews, H., Hoskens, H., Singh, S., Shaffer, J. R., Weinberg, S. M., Shriver, M. D., Claes, P., & Walsh, S. (2023). Exploring regional aspects of 3D facial variation within European individuals. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-30855-x
    30. Yang, H. (2018). A discussion on the harmonious relationship of human, nature and society. Advances in Applied Sociology, 8(8), 613–619. https://doi.org/10.4236/aasoci.2018.88036
    31. Yang, W. (2020). Ecological civilisation is a new state of civilisation featuring the harmony between man and nature. Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies, 8(2), 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1142/S2345748120750044