This study systematically examines the integration of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Chinese higher education, with the primary objective of identifying prevalent implementation models, key drivers, and persistent challenges. Through a systematic literature review of publications from 2020 to 2024, the research analyzes institutional practices across curriculum design, research alignment, and campus operations. Findings reveal three dominant integration approaches: curriculum innovation through embedded pedagogical methods, research prioritization aligned with national strategies such as clean energy, and campus operationalization as "living laboratories." While strong policy directives and international rankings serve as significant drivers, implementation faces challenges including disciplinary barriers, resource disparities, and inadequate assessment mechanisms. The study concludes by highlighting a distinctive "Chinese model" of SDG integration characterized by tight policy-institution alignment, offering practical insights for enhancing sustainability strategies in higher education systems.