Transformational leadership influence on employee performance: A proposed study among palestinian central municipalities employees
List of Authors
  • Khairunneezam Mohd Noor , Omar Jamil Ahmed Muqedi

Keyword
  • Transformational Leadership, Employee Performance

Abstract
  • This research investigates the impact of transformational leadership on employee performance within Palestinian municipalities. As a vital cog in the management wheel, transformational leaders inspire and motivate employees, encouraging innovation and promoting excellence. Using a quantitative research approach, this study collected data from administrative staff in ten central Palestinian municipalities, leveraging questionnaires and statistical analysis. Our findings reveal the significant positive impact of transformational leadership behaviours, including inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, idealized influence, and individual consideration, on employee performance. The research also underscores the role of goal setting, as emphasized by Fischer (2016), in driving individual commitment and motivation. Further, this study discusses how transformational leadership contributes to successful teamwork and fosters a culture of creativity and problem-solving. It presents a set of recommendations for implementing transformational leadership in Palestinian municipalities, including leadership training, employee empowerment, communication of a compelling vision, and fostering a culture of innovation, among others. By adhering to these strategies, Palestinian municipalities can enhance employee performance and improve public service provision.

Reference
  • 1. Harrington, A. (2005). Modern Social Theory. 1-13.

    2. Harris, A. L., Lang, M., Yates, D., & Kruck, S. E. (2008). Incorporating Ethics and Social Responsibility in IS Education. Journal of Information Systems Education, 22(3), 183-189.

    3. Harun, R., Hock, L. K., & Othman, F. (2011). Environmental Knowledge and Attitude among Students in Sabah. World Applied Sciences Journal, 14, 83-87.

    4. Ahmad, A., & Cheng, Z. (2018). (2018). The Role of Change Content, Context, Process, and Leadership in Understanding Employees’ Commitment to Change: The Case of Public Organizations in Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Public Personnel Management. 47. 009102601775364. 10, 47.(10.), 1177/0091026017753645.

    5. Al-Jabari, A. (2021). The Reality of Human Resource Management Practices and their Relation to Employee Performance in Hebron Municipality. Hebron University, Palestine.

    6. Al-Sharabati, A. (2015). Social Capital and Employability in Palestine Challenges Facing Higher Education Case study of Palestine Polytechnic University (PPU) Hebron, Palestine. An-Najah University Journal for Research-B (Humanities), 29(9), 8.

    7. Alatawi, M. A. (2017). Can transformational managers control turnover intention? {SA} {Journal} of {Human} {Resource} {Management}, 15(1). 1-6.

    8. Alqatawenh, A. S. (2018). Transformational leadership style and its relationship with change management. Verslas: Teorijairpraktika, 19(1), 17–24.

    9. Armstrong, M., & Taylor, S. (2020). Armstrong’s Handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers.

    10. Awaja, D. S., Awaja, A. R., & Raju, V. (2018). The Influence of Transformational Leadership on Innovation of Universities: The Mediating Role of Trust in Leader. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 3(8), 469–476.

    11. Bailey, C., Madden, A., Alfes, K., & Fletcher, L. (2017). The meaning, antecedents, and outcomes of employee engagement: {A} narrative synthesis. International Journal of Management Reviews, 19(1), 31–53.

    12. Baksh Baloch, Q., Saleem, M., Zaman, G., & Fida, A. (2014). The Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Employees’ Performance. Journal of Managerial Sciences, 8(2).

    13. Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1994). Improving organizational effectiveness through transformational leadership. sage.

    14. Boamah, S. A., Laschinger, H. K. S., Wong, C., & Clarke, S. (2018). Effect of transformational leadership on job satisfaction and patient safety outcomes. Nursing Outlook, 66(2), 180–189.

    15. Bryman, A. (2012). Social research methods 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    16. Campbell, J. P., & Wiernik, B. M. (2015). The modeling and assessment of work performance. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 2(1), 47–74.

    17. Celik, A., Akgemci, T., & Akyazi, T. E. (2016). A Comparison Between the Styles of Transformational Leaders and Authentic Leaders in Crisis Management. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 6(2), 183–196.

    18. Cleveland, J. N., Huebner, L. A., Anderson, K. J., & Agbeke, D. V. (2019). Lifespan Perspective on Job Performance. Performance Appraisal/Management and Creative Performance: 291-321.

    19. Díaz-Vilela, L. F., Rodríguez, D., N., I.-D., R., D.-C., D., H.-F., E., & Rosales-Sánchez, C. (2015). Relationships between {Contextual} and {Task} {Performance} and {Interrater} {Agreement}: {Are} {There} {Any}? {PLoS} {ONE} 10(10): e0139898.

    20. Elmasry, M. O., & Bakri, N. (2019). Behaviors of Transformational Leadership in Promoting Good Governance in the Palestinian Public Sector. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 8(1), 1–12.

    21. EU. (2017). EUROPEAN JOINT STRATEGY IN SUPPORT OF PALESTINE. https://neighbourhood-enlargement.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2019-01/european_joint_strategy_in_support_of_palestine_2017-2020.pdf

    22. Faruk, K. (2016). The impact of organizational justice on employee performance: a survey in {Turkey} and {Turkish} context. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 6(1), 1–11.

    23. Fatma, N., & Aini, Y. (2015). The Impact of Transformational Leadership Style on Employee Job Performance. International Journal of Science and Research. 5 (6), 5, 499–503.

    24. Fernet, C.; T., Austin, S. G.;, Gagne, S. ;, M., & Forest, J. (2015). “Transformational leadership and optimal functioning at work: on the mediating role of employees’ perceived job characteristics and motivation”, {Work} & {Stress}. 29.

    25. Fischer, S. A. (2016). Transformational leadership in nursing: a concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 72(11), 2644–2653.

    26. Gan, J. L., & Yusof, H. M. (2019). The Relationship Between Training and Employees’ Retention: A Review Paper. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Management Practices, 2(5), 16–25.

    27. Holsinger, J. W., & Carlton, E. L. (2018). Leadership for public health : {Theory} and practice. Health Administration Press.

    28. Jabali, O. (2009). Palestinian Women s Political Participation. Acta Asiatica Varsoviensia, 22, 29–41.

    29. Jiang, F., Wang, L., & Yan, L. (2022). (2022). The Effects of Job Crafting on Task and Contextual Performance: Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Work Engagement. The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business, 13(5).

    30. Kaba, K., N., & Öztürk, H. (2021). (2021). Bireysel Iş Performansı Ölçeğinin {T}ürkçe Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. {Sa}ğlık ve {Hem}şirelik {Y}önetimi {Dergisi}, 8(3), 293–301.

    31. Kerdpitak, C., & Jermsittiparsert, K. (2020). The impact of human resource management practices on competitive advantage: Mediating role of employee engagement in Thailand. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(1), 443–452.

    32. Khan, H., & Wisner, J. D. (2019). Supply chain integration, learning, and agility: Effects on performance. Journal of Operations and Supply Chain Management, 12(1), 14.

    33. Kumar, R. (2018). Research methodology: A step-by-step guide for beginners. Sage.

    34. Long, C. S., Yusof, W. M. M., Kowang, T. O., & Heng, L. H. (2014). The impact of transformational leadership style on job satisfaction. World Applied Sciences Journal, 29(1), 117–124.

    35. MoLG. (2020). Ministry of Local Government Report 2020. https://www.molg.pna.ps/ uploads/userfiles/file/pdfs/تقرير الأداء السنوي للعام 2020.pdf

    36. Muhammad, Z. I., Muhammad, R., Anum, F., & Samina, N. (2017). The {Impact} of organizational justice on employee performance in {Public} {Sector} {Organization} in {Pakistan}. International Journal of Economics and Management Sciences.

    37. Nasser, F. H., & Aini, N. Y. (2016). The impact of transformational leadership style on employee job performance: {The} mediating effect of training. International Journal of Science and Research, 5, 499–503.

    38. Nguyen, H. M., Mai, L. T., & Huynh, T. L. (2019). The role of transformational leadership toward work performance through intrinsic motivation: {A} study in the pharmaceutical field in Vietnam. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 6(4).

    39. Ngwa, W. T., Adeleke, B. S., Agbaeze, E. K., Ghasi, N. C., & Imhanrenialena, B. O. (2019). Effect of reward system on employee performance among selected manufacturing firms in the Litoral region of Cameroon. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 18(3), 1–16.

    40. Northouse, P. G. (2018). Leadership: {Theory} and practice.

    41. Odumeru, J., A., & Ogbonna, I. (2013). Transformational vs. Transactional Leadership Theories: Evidence in Literature. International Review of Management and Business Research, 2.

    42. Olof Palme International Center. (2019). PALESTINE PROGRAM 2016-19. https://www.palmecenter.se/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/ContextAna_2015_PALESTINE_eng.pdf

    43. PCDCR. (2019). The Relationship between Civil Society Organizations and Palestinian Authority. Palestinian National Authority.

    44. Saboe, K. N., Taing, M. U., Way, J. O., & Johnson. (2015). R. E. (2015). {Examining} the Unique Mediators That Underlie the Effect of Different Dimensions of Transformational Leadership. {Journal} of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 22(175).

    45. Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business: A skill building approach. john wiley & sons.

    46. Sharma, R., & Singh, S. (2017). Transformational leadership style and self-efficacy among teaching professionals. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 4(86), 140–147.

    47. Shtayyeh, M., & Habas, O. (2004). Municipalities and local government bodies in Palestine, upbringing, position, and role in economic development. Palestinian Economic Council for Development and Reconstruction.

    48. Silva, S. D., & Mendis, B. A. (2017). Relationship between transformational, transaction and laissez-faire leadership styles and employee commitment. European Journal of Business and Management, 9, 13–21.

    49. Twesme, E., E., W., M., J., & Simha, A. (2021). (2021). Can We Talk? Improving Employee Contextual Performance Using Motivating Language and Feedback Orientation. International Journal of Business Communication.

    50. Tziner, A., & Shkoler, O. (2018). Leadership Styles and Work Attitudes: Does Age Moderate their Relationship?(Estilos de liderazgo y actitudes en el trabajo:¿ modera la edad su relación?). Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology (2018), 34(3), 195–201.

    51. UNISPAL. (2021). The situation of Workers of Occupied Arab Territories – Report of the ILO Director-General 2021 - Question of Palestine. https://www.un.org/unispal/document/ situation-of-workers-of-occupied-arab-territories-report-of-the-ilo-director-general-2021/

    52. Utami, M. M. (2013). How intellectual stimulation affects knowledge sharing, innovation and firm performance. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 3(420.).

    53. World Bank. (2015). Economic Monitoring Report to the Ad Hoc Liaison Committee. www.worldbank.org/ps

    54. World Bank. (2018). In West Bank and Gaza, Improved Municipal Services and Transparency Put Citizens First. https://www.worldbank.org/en/results/2020/12/16/in-west-bank-and-gaza-improved-municipal-services-and-transparency-put-citizens-first

    55. World Bank. (2020). Palestinian Territories’ Economic Update — October 2020. https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/westbankandgaza/publication/economic-update-october-2020

    56. Yamane, T. (1967). Elementary sampling theory prentice Inc. Englewood Cliffs. NS, USA, 1(1), 371–390.