Management of Psychosocial Aspects Influencing Learning Outcomes with Physical Factors as A Mediator in Primary School
List of Authors
Azlina Abu Bakar, Vasanth Balan
Keyword
Psychosocial Aspects, Learning Outcomes, Physical Environment Factors and Classroom Environment
Abstract
This study aims to determine the psychosocial aspects of students in the classroom regarding learning outcomes, with environmental management acting as a mediator among primary school students. A cross-sectional study design was used to achieve the desired research objectives. Data were collected through simple random sampling and face-to-face surveys, employing the "MCI" Scale, Learning Outcomes Scale, and Physical Environment Factors Scale. Respondents from 10 schools in the Sitiawan district (n=242) participated in this study. IBM SPSS 27 was used for data analysis, and a physical factors measurement instrument was employed to determine the values.The findings indicate that the measured values of physical environmental factors do not yet show an optimal comfort level for student learning, with illumination ranging from 391.87 lux to 966.20 lux. However, the independent variable (psychosocial aspects) showed a significant direct effect on the dependent variable (learning outcomes) (Coefficient=1.557, p<0.001). In the mediator analysis, there was a significant indirect effect between psychosocial aspects and learning outcomes through the physical environment factor mediator (effect = 0.2356, BootSE = 0.0333).These results suggest important implications for educational practices and policies. Educators and policymakers should reconsider the emphasis placed on environmental factors, such as lighting, in primary schools. This could enhance knowledge in this field by encouraging the development of effective strategies to support student learning and achievement, including multi-site studies, standardization of classroom environments, and regular maintenance and monitoring.