Hubungan stesen kerja ergonomik dan stres pekerjaan dalam kalangan pekerja klinik kesihatan
List of Authors
  • Mohd Nasir Selamat , Nesha Guruvasagam

Keyword
  • Stres pekerjaan, stesen kerja ergonomik, faktor manusia, sumber manusia

Abstract
  • Stres pekerjaan dalam organisasi merupakan isu yang perlu diberi keutamaan. Tinjauan literatur menunjukkan faktor - faktor stesen kerja ergonomik boleh menyebabkan stres dalam kalangan pekerja. Keadaan yang berterusan akan memberi impak negatif kepada pekerja seperti kekerapan ketidakhadiran bekerja, konflik dalam diri, kemalangan pekerjaan dan seterusnya memberi kesan ke atas prestasi. Kajian ini bertujuan mengkaji hubungan antara stesen kerja ergonomik dengan stres pekerjaan. Seramai 117 orang pekerja kesihatan daripada klinik kesihatan telah dipilih dengan menggunakan persampelan rawak berlapis. Borang soal selidik telah digunakan dalam proses pengumpulan data kajian yang meliputi faktor stesen kerja ergonomik iaitu manusia, ruang dan persekitaran sebagai pembolehubah bebas dan stres pekerjaan sebagai pembolehubah bersandar. Kajian mendapati tahap kesedaran aspek ergonomik di tempat kerja berada pada tahap sederhana rendah. Dapatan juga menunjukkan faktor manusia mempunyai hubungan yang positif dan sederhana serta signifkan terhadap stesen kerja (r=0.668 n=117 p=0.000). Manakala analisis regresi berganda yang dilakukan, membuktikan bahawa faktor manusia dan ruang kerja mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan terhadap stres pekerjaan. Secara keseluruhannya, penemuan kajian ini membuktikan bahawa aspek stesen kerja ergonomik perlu diberi perhatian sewajarnya oleh pihak organisasi bagi memastikan sumber manusia berada dalam keadaan sihat, berdaya saing dan produktif.

Reference
  • 1. Alia, F. N., & Nasir, S. M. (2020). Ergonomics Work System and Occupational Safety and Health Performance in The Manufacturing Sector. The Malaysian Journal of Ergonomics (MJEr), 2(1), 11- 27.
    2. Antoniou, A. S., Davidson, M. J., & C. L. (2003). Occupational stres, job satisfaction and health statein male and female junior hospital doctors in Greece. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 18(6), 592-621.
    3. Carayon, P. & Smith, M. J. (2000). Work organization and ergonomics. Application of Ergonomics, 31(3), 649.
    4. Carayon, P., Xie, A., & Kianfar, S. (2014). Human factors and ergonomics as a patient safety practice. BMJ Quality Safety, 23, 196-205. Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). In: Chapter 2: Fatal and nonfatal injuries, and selected illnesses and conditions. In: Worker health chartbook (2004). NIOSH publication no. 2004-146.
    5. Dahlberg, R., Karlqvist, L., Bildt, C., & Nykvist, K. (2004). Do work technique and musculoskeletal symptoms differ between men and women performing the same type of work tasks? Applied Ergonomics, 35, 521-529.
    6. De Sio, S., Traversini, V., Rinaldo, F. Colasanti, V., Buomprisco, G., Perri, R., Mormone, F., LaTorre, & G. Guerra, F. (2018). Ergonomic risk and preventive measures of musculoskeletal disorders in the dentistry environment: An umbrella review. Peer Journal, 6, e4154.
    7. Dempsey, P.G., McGorry, R.W., & O’Brien, N.V. (2004). The effects of work height, work piece orientation, Gender, and screwdriver type on productivity and wrist deviation. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 3(3), 339-346.
    8. Fernberg, P. M. (1992). Tailoring the workstation to the worker. Journal of Modern Office Technology, 37(6), 26-30.
    9. Fernandez-Mendoza, J., & Vgontzas, A. N. (2013). Insomnia and its impact on physical and mental health. Current psychiatry reports, 15(12), 418.
    10. Griffitt, W. (1970). Environmental effects on interpersonal affective behavior: Ambienteffective temperature and attraction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 15(2), 40-244.
    11. Jadhav, G. S., Arunachalam, M., & Salve, U. R. (2019). Ergonomics design and evaluation of the stitching workstation for the hand-crafted Kolhapuri footwear using a digital human modeling approach. Journal of Industrial and Production Engineering, 36(8), 563-575.
    12. Johnson, S., Cooper, C., Cartwright, S., Donald, I., Taylor, P., & Millet, C. (2005). The experience of work related stres across occupations. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 20(2), 178-87.
    13. Kim, Y. M., & Cho, S. I. (2017). Work–life imbalance and musculoskeletal disorders among South Korean workers. International journal of environmental research and public health, 14(11), 1331.
    14. Lazarus, R. S., & Cohen, J. B. (1977). Environmental stres. In I. Altman, & J. F., Wohlwill. Eds, Human behaviour and the environment: current theory and research (pp. 89-127). New York: Spectrum Leather, P., Beale, D., & Sullivan, L. (2003). Noise, psychosocial stres and their interaction in the workplace. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23, 213-222.
    15. Ma, K. W., Mak, C. M., & Wong, H. M. (2020). Development of a subjective scale for sound quality assessments in building acoustics. Journal of Building Engineering, 29, 101177.
    16. Miles, A. K. (2000). The Ergonomics and Organizational Stres Relationship. Ph.D. Thesis. The Florida State University.
    17. Mohd Makhbul, Osman, Lokhman & Mohamad Hasun, Fazilah. (2009). Ergonomics workstation and work stres in multinational organizations in malaysia. Proceeding of the Business Management Seminar.
    18. Nor, M. S. M., & Selamat, M. N. (2020). Hubungan antara sistem kerja ergonomik dan prestasi keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan. Jurnal Wacana Sarjana, 4(1), 1-13.
    19. Parker, K. G. (1995). Why ergonomics is good economics. Industrial Engineering, 27(2), 41-46.
    20. PERKESO, (2019). Laporan Tahunan PERKESO, Malaysia.
    21. Rahman, N. A., & Selamat, M. N. (2020). Sistem kerja ergonomik, prestasi keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan di industri pembuatan Malaysia. Jurnal Wacana Sarjana, 4(2), 1-10.
    22. Reskin, A. (2008). Podcast transcript for working with stres. Journal of Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30(2), 390-394.
    23. Roelofsen, P. (2002). The impact of office environments on employee performance: The design of the workplace as a strategy for productivity enhancement. Journal of Facilities Management, 1(3), 78-86.
    24. Selamat, M. N., Mukapit, M., Aziz, S. F. A., & Makhbul, Z. K. M. (2019). Re-definition of occupational safety and health performance in Malaysian Manufacturing Industry. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8 (2 Special Issue 10), 53-60.
    25. Selamat, M. N., Mohd, R. H., Mukapit, M., Aziz, S. F. A., & Omar, N. H. (2021). A review onparticipatory ergonomic approaches: What ‘Participants’ mean to the Organization? International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(8), 612-627.
    26. Selamat, Mohd Nasir. & Mukapit, Mukhiffun. (2018). The relationship between task factors and occupational safety and health (OSH) performance in the Printing Industry. Akademika, 88(3), 65-76.
    27. Selamat, Mohd Nasir. (2016). Ergonomic work system and occupational safety and health performance: Mediating effect of psychosocial work factor. Ph.D Thesis, Malaysia Universiti Sains Malaysia. Penang.
    28. Selamat, Mohd Nasir. (2013). The determinant of OSH performance: A study on ergonomic work system. Journal Occupational Environmental Medicine, 70-76.
    29. Selamat, M. N. & Wern, M. K. J. (2022). An investigation of ergonomic risk factors and occupational safety and health (OSH) performance. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(10), 1790-1807.
    30. Selamat, M. N., Aziz, S. F. A., Omar, N. H., Mohd, R. H., & Hamid. F. A. (2021). Analisis sistem kerja ergonomik dan prestasi keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan (KKP) di Industri Pembuatan Malaysia. eBangi – Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 18(6), 1-16.
    31. Selamat, M. N., Mukapit, M., Aziz, S. F. A., & Makhbul, Z. M. (2019). Re-definition of occupational safety and health performance in Malaysian Manufacturing Industry. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), 30(3), 121-134.
    32. Shaliza Azreen. (2007). Aplikasi ergonomik dalam sistem kerja untuk kesejahteraan motivasi pekerja menggunakan terminal paparan visual. Tesis sarjana muda, Universiti Sains Malaysia
    33. Shikdar, A. A., & Sawaqed, N. M. (2003). Worker productivity, and occupational health and safety issues in selected industries. Computers and Industrial Engineering, 45(4), 563-572.
    34. Smith, M. J., & Carayon-Sainfort, P. (1989). A balance theory of job design for stres reduction. International Journal of Industrial and Ergonomics, 4, 67-79.
    35. Smith, A. (2000). The scale of perceived occupational stres. Journal of Occupational Medicine, 50(5), 294- 298. Washington, D. C.
    36. Chaiklieng, Sunisa. & Krusun, Maytinee. (2015). Health risk assessment and incidence of shoulder pain among office workers. Procedia Manufacturing, 3, 4941-4947.
    37. Yeow, P. H. P. & Nath Sen, R. (2003). Quality, productivity, occupational health and safety and cost effectiveness of ergonomic improvements in the test workstations of an electronic factory. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 32(3), 147-163.
    38. Zafir Mohamed Makhbul & Fazilah Mohd Hasun. (2008). Hubungan persekitaran stesen kerja dan aduan berkenaan tubuh badan (somatic complains): Implikasi terhadap pengurusan sumber manusia. Jurnal Pengurusan dan Sains, 15(1), 181-199.
    39. Zafir, M. M., Nor-Liza, A., & Zizah, C. S. (2013). Ergonomics and stress at workplace: Engineering contributions to social sciences. Jurnal Pengurusan, 37, 125-131.
    40. Zafir Mohamed Makhbul, Durrishah Idrus & Mat Rebi Abdul Rani. (2008). Perhubungan antara stesen kerja ergonomik dan stres: Kajian terhadap operator pengeluaran di organisasi Multinasional di Malaysia. Jurnal Teknologi, 48, 49-69