Faktor perubahan rejim kerjasama maritim di Selat Melaka selepas peristiwa 9/11
List of Authors
  • Nazira Abdul Rahman

Keyword
  • Kerjasama maritim, keselamatan pelayaran, Organisasi Maritim Antarabangsa, pelanunan, rompakan di laut, Selat Melaka

Abstract
  • Rejim kerjasama maritim di Selat Melaka telah mengalami perubahan positif selepas peristiwa 9/11, iaitu daripada rejim kerjasama tiga hala TTEG Keselamatan Pelayaran (Malaysia-Indonesia-Singapura) kepada rejim kerjasama pelbagai hala iaitu Mekanisme Kerjasama 2007 (negara-negara pesisir, negara-negara pengguna dan industri perkapalan antarabangsa). Perubahan ini telah disumbangkan oleh tiga faktor utama iaitu penularan ancaman pelanunan dan rompakan di laut, tekanan oleh negara-negara kuasa besar dan tuntutan pematuhan terhadap konsep perkongsian beban di bawah Artikel 43, UNCLOS 1982. Ketiga-tiga faktor ini telah dijadikan sandaran oleh IMO, iaitu agensi di bawah Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu (PBB) yang bertanggungjawab ke atas hal ehwal maritim dunia untuk mendesak semua aktor (aktor negara dan bukan negara) yang mempunyai kepentingan di Selat Melaka supaya bekerjasama antara satu sama lain bagi memastikan Selat Melaka selamat bagi pelayaran. Perubahan ini dianggap sebagai pencapaian bersejarah bukan sahaja usaha IMO untuk mewujudkan kerjasama seperti ini telah gagal pada tahun 1996 dan 1999, malah usaha melalui platform peringkat serantau juga tidak berjaya.

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