Spatial privacy on institutions for unaccompanied teenage girls in Mashhad-Iran
List of Authors
  • Azizah Salim Syed Salim , Nazanin Salehi Milani

Keyword
  • residential care, privacy, teenage girls, preferences

Abstract
  • Nations, according to their beliefs and to their community found a solution to shelter unaccompanied teenage girls regardless of its suitability and positions. This study intends to provide some insight into the ways to improve designing of residential care for unaccompanied teenage girls according to their preferences in Mashhad, Iran. The main difficulty in the context of Mashhad and Iran is the lack of private places and large number of children in residential care. A quantitative approach has been conducted to study the effect of privacy on teenage girls aged 12- 18 (n=67) living in 5 selected residential care in Mashhad. This research suggests new application and directions and appropriate size in terms of spatial privacy for teenage girls in the future.

Reference
  • 1. Alexander, C. (1977). A pattern language: Towns, Building, Construction. New York, Oxford University Press.
    2. Altman, I. (1975). The environment and social behavior: privacy, personal space, territory and crowding, Books/Cole Publishing Company, Monterey, California 93940.
    3. Altman, I. (1977). Privacy regulation: culturally universal or culturally specific? Journal of Social Issues, 33(3): 66-84.
    4. Antolak, R. (2004). Iran and the polish exodus from Russia 1942, Iran Champer Society.
    5. Baum, A. & Paulus, P. (1987). Crowding. In D. Stokols & I. Altman, Eds, Handbook of Environmental Psychology 1. New York: John Wiley:533–570.
    6. Binesh, S ( معماری وموسسه زدایی.( 2001 (Architecture and Deinstitutionalization). The First Conference Regarding to Management of Orphanages in Iran, Iranian psychological association, University of Welfare and Rehabitation Science library.
    7. Fateh,M., Daryoush,B .(2009). Mabanie Nazarie Memari. Tehran, Elmo Danesh-Roshani.
    8. Ghavami, M. (1998). The house for unaccompanied children. Architecture. Tehran, University of Tehran. Master degree.
    9. Harden, J. (2000). There is no place like home: The public/private distinction in children's theorizing of risk and safety. Childhood: Critical concepts in sociology. C. Jenks. New York, Routledge. 7: 43-59.
    10. Hester, R. (1979). Landscape Architecture, Lay, Hubbard & Wheelright. 69: 475-482.
    11. Kasmayi,M .(2003).Eghlim va Memari. Esfehan, Nashr e Khak.
    12. Kaya, N., Weber, M.J (2003). Cross- cultural differences in the perception of crowding and privacy regulation: American and Turkish students. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23(3): 301-309.
    13. King, P. (2004). Private dwelling: Contemplating the use of housing. New York Published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library.
    14. Kvale, S. (2007). Doing Interviews. London: SAGE Publication.
    15. Laufer, R. & Wolfe, M. (1976). The interpersonal and environmental context of privacy invasion and response. In P. Korosec-Serfaty (Ed.), Appropriation of Space. Strasbourg: Institut Louis Pasteur, 516-535.
    16. Lieberg, M. (1994). Appropriating the city: teenagers’ use of public space. Urban Experience: A People-environment Perspective. London, Taylor & Francis. 13: 321-333.
    17. Lieberg, M. (1995). Public space, lifestyles and collective identity. Young 3: 19-38.
    18. Marshall, N. J. (1972). Privacy and environment. Human Ecology 1: 93-110.
    19. Maslow, A.H. (1948a). "Higher" and "lower" needs. Journal of Psychology, 25, 433-436.
    20. Maslow, A.H. (1955). Deficiency motivation and growth motivation. In M.R. Jones (ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation: 1-30. Lincoln, NB.University of Nebraska Press.
    21. Maslow, A.H. (1956). Defense and growth. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 3, 36-47.
    22. Newell, P. B. (1994). A systems model of privacy. Journal of Environmental Psychology , 14, 65-78.
    23. Miles, G. (2001). Children in residential care and alternatives. Children at Risk Guidelines, Cambodia. 5
    24. Neufert,E.N.(2000). Architects' Data. School of Architecture,Oxford Books University.
    25. Noosh Abadi, T. (1998). Studding socio- psychological orphans girls characteristic with normal ones in Tehran (Iran). Psychology. Roode Hen, Iran, Azad University. Master degree.
    26. Proshansky, H. M., Ittelson, W.H., Rivlin,L.G (1970). Environmental psychology. New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
    27. Rapoport, A. (1969). House form and culture, Prentice Hall; Facsimile edition.
    28. Rapoport, A. (1972). Some perspectives on human use and organization of space, Paper presented at Australian Association of Social Anthropologists,Annual Conference.
    29. Sepehr, H (2001). مروری بر پزوهش های انجام شده در ایران در زمینه مراقبت شبانه روزی از کودکان
    The first conference regarding to management of Orphanages in Iran, Iranian Psychological Association, University of Welfare and Rehabitation Science.
    30. Silverstein, M. (1967). The Child Urban Environment. Proceedings of the Seventy- First National Convention of the Congress of Parents and Teachers, Chicago.
    31. Sobel, D. (1990). A place in the world: adults’ memories of childhood special places. Children’s Environments Quarterly 7: 5-12.
    32. Van der Ryn, S. S., M (1967). Dorms at Berkeley: an environmental analysis, Center for Planning and Development Research, University of California.
    33. Westin, A. F. (1970). Privacy and freedom. New York, Bodley Head.
    34. Willis, M. (1963(a)). "Designing for Privacy: What is Privacy?" The Architects’ Journal ,137: 1137-1141.
    35. Wolfe, M. (1978). Childhood and privacy. Children and the environment. New York, Plenum Press. Volume 3 of Human behavior and environment: 175-222.
    36. Wheeler, L. (1967). Behavioral Research for Architectural Planning and Design. EB. Environment and behavior, Sage Publications. 5: 106-107.
    37. Wyman, M. (1985). "Nature experience and outdoor recreation planning." Leisure Studies 4(2): 175-188.