Cat cafés have become a popular niche in the food and beverage industry, offering customers a unique dining experience in the company of felines. However, despite their appeal, these businesses face sustainability challenges due to political, social, and technological factors. This study examines the key challenges affecting cat café sustainability in Klang Valley, Malaysia, using a modified PEST framework that replaces the economic dimension with high operational costs. A quantitative research approach was employed, with data collected through structured surveys from 14 cat café owners in the region. The results show that rules and government procedures greatly affect how businesses run. Social factors, like what customers like and population trends, are very important for how many cat cafes are needed. At the same time, new technology helps improve how well the business operates and how they connect with customers. High operational costs, particularly those related to pet care, licensing, and interior design, further strain business viability. The study highlights the need for strategic adaptability, technological integration, and supportive policies to enhance the sustainability of cat cafés. These insights are valuable not only for café owners but also for entrepreneurs in niche markets, policymakers, and urban planners looking to support specialized businesses.