Based on relevant research literature on physical education construction in higher vocational colleges, this paper systematically analyzes the current situation, existing problems, and future development directions of physical education construction in higher vocational colleges in China. Research findings show that certain progress has been made in the application of "Internet +", physical education teaching models, and the construction of modular curriculum systems in higher vocational physical education. However, it still faces challenges such as insufficient informatization level, limited physical education teaching effectiveness, and lack of prominent vocational characteristics. In the future, improvements should be made in multiple aspects such as deepening the application of information technology, perfecting the ideological and political education system in courses, highlighting vocational orientation, and strengthening the construction of the teaching staff, in order to comprehensively enhance the quality of physical education in higher vocational colleges and serve the cultivation of high-quality technical and skilled talents.