Pengujian model gaya keibubapaan baumrind ke atas pencapaian akademik pelajar sekolah menengah
List of Authors
  • Ahmad Shazili Ayob , Azmi Abdul Manaf , Nik Hairi Omar

Keyword
  • Gaya keibubapaan, pencapaian akademik, model Baumrind, pelajar sekolah menengah

Abstract
  • Baumrind (1966, 1967, 1991) secara konsisten menyifatkan prestasi tinggi akademik anak-anak berkorelasi positif dan signifikan dengan praktik gaya keibubapaan autoritatif berbanding permisif dan autoritarian. Artikel ini bertujuan menguji sejauhmana model Baumrind dapat diterima sebagai model asuhan yang deduktif dan universal seperti didakwa. Tiga objektif artikel ialah: (i) mengenal pasti jenis gaya keibubapaan, perbezaan dan tahap pengamalan, (ii) menguji kesignifikanan perhubungan antara gaya keibubapaan dengan pencapaian akademik, dan (iii) menentukan pengaruh faktor sosio-demografi terpilih selaku ‘confound variables’ ke atas perhubungan gaya keibubapaan dengan pencapaian akademik. Hasil tinjauan soal selidik secara rawak berkelompok ke atas sekumpulan 55 pelajar sekolah menengah mendapati ciri gaya keibubapaan paling dominan diterapkan ibu bapa adalah gaya autoritatif. Ujian Friedman selanjutnya mendapati pengamalan jenis gaya keibubapaan adalah berbeza secara signifikan (k<0.05) dengan hasil yang menunjukkan gaya autoritatif dipraktikkan di tahap tinggi sementara gaya autoritarian dan permisif di tahap sederhana dan rendah. Walau bagaimanapun pengujian korelasi sehala antara kesemua jenis gaya keibubapaan dengan pencapaian akademik menunjukkan hasil yang tidak signifikan (k>0.05). Dapatan juga menunjukkan kesemua pembolehubah sosio demografi tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan ke atas perhubungan antara gaya keibubapaan dengan pencapaian akademik. Berdasarkan penemuan, kajian menolak penggunaan model Baumrind sebagai sebuah model asuhan yang deduktif dan sejagat sebaliknya dirumuskan bahawa tinggi atau rendah pencapaian akademik pelajar tidak dipengaruhi jenis gaya keibubapaan yang diamalkan semata-mata. Kajian mengesyorkan supaya pengujian model Baumrind pada masa hadapan menggunakan pendekatan yang berbeza seperti model persamaan struktur (SEM) selain mengambil kira pengaruh elemen lain yang diabaikan seperti IQ, EQ dan persekitaran sekolah.

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