From Shipboard Automation to System Transformation: Implications of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships for Industry and Workforce
List of Authors
Ahmad Faizal Ahmad Fuad, Amir Syawal Kamis, Md Hasan Reza Talukdere, Muhamad Nasir Rahmatdin
Keyword
Autonomous Ship; Digitalisation; Skilled Workforce; Artificial Intelligence; Malaysia Maritime Week
Abstract
This study examines the evolving role of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships and their implications for maritime operations and the global maritime workforce. As the shipping industry undergoes a major transition driven by digitalisation, automation, artificial intelligence, and decarbonisation, autonomous and remotely operated vessels are increasingly viewed as part of a broader transformation rather than a standalone technological innovation. Using a qualitative exploratory approach, the study analyses insights from maritime experts through conference discussions and informal professional interactions, complemented by a review of relevant academic literature. The findings indicate that the primary impact of autonomy is unlikely to be the immediate replacement of seafarers, but rather the redistribution of responsibilities between shipboard and shore-based functions. This shift is expected to increase demand for advanced competencies in digital systems supervision, data analysis, remote operations, and cyber awareness. The study also highlights the growing importance of regulatory adaptation, training reform, and integration of autonomy related competencies within existing certification frameworks such as the STCW Convention. In addition, the results emphasise that effective adoption of autonomous maritime technologies depends on coordinated development of governance structures, digital infrastructure, and inclusive workforce strategies. Overall, the research suggests that the most significant influence of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships will be institutional and human centred, redefining maritime competencies and operational models in the emerging era of smart shipping.